I've figured out a work around. My solution is (works for me):
If you don't want to provide the VC++ 2012 redistributeable DLLs via a setup (e.g. due to missing admin rights), you can simply provide the vcomp110.dll next to your application.exe. This DLL is used by the Magick.NET-x86.dll. To be sure which DLLs are missing, open your Magick.Net-DLL with depends.exe. It'll name you missing dependencies.
Hope this will help you somewhat.
If you don't want to provide the VC++ 2012 redistributeable DLLs via a setup (e.g. due to missing admin rights), you can simply provide the vcomp110.dll next to your application.exe. This DLL is used by the Magick.NET-x86.dll. To be sure which DLLs are missing, open your Magick.Net-DLL with depends.exe. It'll name you missing dependencies.
Hope this will help you somewhat.